Monroe Doctrine Editorial :: essays research papers

Monroe Doctrine: For Good or for Bad? The interests of our own Latin America is unmistakably not quite the same as those of that of the United States †yet since the time the Monroe Doctrine has been proclaimed, it appeared as though relations between the US and the countries of Latin America balanced out on a cordial note. Be that as it may, we need not feel simple and let our watchman down by any means, for this issue has had significant questionings in the previous years as of now. Is the United States truly endeavoring to shield our countries from any danger of reconquest from external countries? Or then again is the US just utilizing the Monroe Doctrine to rule the Western Hemisphere? I firmly concur with our nations’ government sees about this issue: the United States is just utilizing this as a stage forward in hoarding power around the Western Hemisphere. The facts might confirm that they are safeguarding our countries from European victory and such, however we are likewise autonomous and ought to be permitted to oversee ourselves with no more powerful that settles on each choice for us, regardless of whether in some cases it’s not even in the general enthusiasm of the majority inside countries of Latin America. However, of course, the US may be really aiming to simply safeguard us, since as we are a piece of its property and domain. Our locale is that of a concentrated force with one significant principle, similarly as a Spanish authority made this expectation about the United States in 1783: â€Å"We have recently perceived another force in an incredible district where there exists no other to challenge its development. †¦ The day will come when it develops and turns into a monster and even a mammoth in those locales. Inside a couple of years we will respect the presence of this mammoth with genuine sorrow.† And now, as it unmistakably is seen, the United States is the current â€Å"Colossus of the North†, despite the fact that it wasn’t ready to complete the Monroe Doctrine without anyone else to start with, and with the assistance of the British naval force, it was appropriately continued.

My Four Month Break from School Essay Example For Students

My Four Month Break from School Essay The midyear break is by all accounts the most foreseen excursion of pretty much every understudies. A two-month excursion where understudies overlook all school-related stuff and have a ton of fun at whatever point and any place they like. During this time, they don't need to consider school on all that they do. They can spend time with their companions, sit in front of the television projects or motion pictures until late, or utilize the PC throughout the day without agonizing over schoolwork, tests, ventures and different things identified with school. In the same way as other different understudies, I likewise trusted that this opportunity will come particularly on the grounds that classes in the University of the Philippines continue at August 7, 2014 which implies a four-month get-away! Id never longed for having months from stress, tension, and melancholy; months loaded with fun, frivolities, and relaxations; or essentially, four months away school. This excursion was actually a fantasy worked out as expected for me. Each late spring, I go to my grandparents house at Bulacan and have an excursion there for half a month. Its the motivation behind why I considered the initial barely any long stretches of my midyear break to be its most charming piece.. I truly feel so unique each time I go there on the grounds that my grandparents give all the things I need. There, I can encounter how it feels to be the lone youngster and I truly like that feeling. That is principle motivation behind why I go there each mid year. I additionally got the opportunity to have sprinkle around a stream along with my cousins, aunties and uncles. It was extremely fun in spite of the fact that I about suffocate when my cousin incidentally drove me into the profound piece of the waterway. At the point when I was home once more, here in Manila, a great deal of fun things happened once more. Furthermore, one of the them was the point at which I encountered ice skating with my dearest companions. I thought of it as extraordinary not on the grounds that it was my first time, but since we met Gretchen Ho that time. Me and my companions were upbeat since we didnt just met her, however we likewise turned out to be a piece of whatever they were shooting that day. We likewise had a class gathering last July, before the classes continue. I wouldnt overlook that day in light of the fact that our gathering dominated the fundamental match of the occasion named Amazing Race. I didnt expect that we would win in light of the fact that our gathering was the most loosened up that time. That day, in spite of the fact that I was worn out, I was happy that we, me and my colleagues, had the option to bond as a class once and for all. Additionally, similar to every single other get-away, there were days that weariness nearly killed me. These were the days that I sat idle however to rest, eat, and afterward rest once more. There were days I did whatever it takes not to rest so I did everything just to evacuate the exhausting inclination I was encountering. I attempted a ton things like watching films, playing PC games, and tuning in to music. Yet, these just prompted one thing which was once more, resting. This mid-year break turned out to be fun and critical to me. I realize these brilliant encounters would consistently be in my brain. What's more, without a doubt, these pleasant things will happen again as I go through the following part of my life called school.

Explication Casablanca Essay Example For Students

Elucidation Casablanca Essay CASABLANCAThroughout history, the movie business has seen many coordinating styles and strategies. The early piece of the twentieth century saw a manufacturing plant style of movie creation, however as the years passed by, chiefs started to utilize new and untried procedures in their photos. One such procedure which these chiefs actualized was another way to deal with the utilization of the camera and camera edges. Casablanca, an Academy Award winning movie of 1942 saw chief Michael Curtiz control the camera in manners others had not. He utilizes the nearby, perspective, and imaginative shot inspiration techniques in his film featuring Humphrey Bogart and Ingrid Bergman, to make an American film great. The primary camera procedure Curtiz uses to help portray the film is the nearby shot. The nearby can successfully pass on the story to the watcher without the utilization of extreme exchange. In this example, the watcher is acquainted with the primary character, Rick, using the nearby. The first scene in Quite a while Cafe, shows individuals betting and making unlawful arrangements to leave Casablanca. A worker of the bistro carries a check to a man situated at a chess table to sign. The mark peruses, OK. Rick. By utilizing this shot, the chief clarifies to the peruser, with no discourse, that the man marking the check is Rick. This method, notwithstanding, is only the first of many utilized by Curtiz. The perspective shot, additionally utilized by Curtiz was expected to put the crowd straightforwardly into the activity. By setting the camera at the specific area and tallness of the character, the watcher of the film is embedded into the characters body, making the scene progressively close to home. Curtiz utilizes a slight variety of this kind of camera position when Capt. Renault and Rick are having a conversation about Victor Laslos appearance in Casablanca. The camera is put simply above and behind of Renaults shoulder. The crowd would now be able to see Renaults body responses, just as having Renaults viewpoint on Ricks reaction. In this scene, the perspective shot assists with setting the watcher into the activity, which will thus persuade a superior reaction from the watcher. A third camera strategy utilized by the chief isn't a camera point, however is shot inspiration. Shot inspiration makes a reason for the camera to move to another activity. For instance, as Major Strasse and his men enter Ricks bistro, the camera dish from left to right, tailing them. As the camera moves right, Rick is spotted sitting at a table and the camera stops. This case of shot inspiration, shows how one activity can lead the camera to the start of another scene. This method of shot inspiration is a successful one which is found in numerous present pictures also. The nearby, perspective, and shot inspiration procedures help the chief to portray the film and keeps the crowd progressively keen on the story. Michael Curtiz utilizes these techniques is Casablaca to add to this honor winning film, and to make it a great in America film. Words/Pages : 506/24

The Importance of Loss Prevention, and Security within Businesses Essay

The Importance of Loss Prevention, and Security inside Businesses - Essay Example From my most punctual contribution in misfortune anticipation and security it held a unique enthusiasm for me. Partially this was because of how intently it lined up with the qualities that I had grown up with, and to a limited extent I was entranced by the degree of detail and perception that was required. Burglary is a significant issue in any industry or setting, for example, inside emergency clinics, bars, schools, retail or assembling. As an outcome of this the field of misfortune counteraction has created and has gotten significant in pretty much every setting. Since starting my position, best case scenario Buy I have taken in a ton about the job that misfortune counteraction plays in retail, just as strategies for being successful in my job. I am as of now the chief of the Security and Loss Prevention office, best case scenario Buy. This job has given me numerous chances and difficulties and it has permitted me to comprehend the difficulties that are related with security just as its significance. I have additionally had the chance to do a late spring entry level position at a County Prosecutors Office and to work low maintenance for them following the temporary job. This allowed me to see the police in real life and to see a portion of the procedure that happens. This article will analyze a portion of the ideas that I have learned in my job Loss is a significant part of any business. The term alludes to the loss of benefits because of a wide scope of circumstances, for example, credit extortion, shoplifting, inward burglary, or bundle robbery where a few or the entirety of the substance of a bundle are taken however not simply the bundle. Bundle burglary can allude to taking the substance of the bundle inside the store, or progressively sorted out, more extensive applications, for example, taking little bundles from transportation holders. Along these lines, inside any retail location security is critical as a technique to limit misfortune through this implies. Various organizations utilize various techniques and procedures of moving toward this, and there is no single, all inclusive strategy for looking after security. This is on the grounds that security can be broken in various manners, most prominently through credit extortion, corporate debasement, and through burglary. Robbery can happen in various manners and can be the result of activities of either staff or clients. As such it is essential to have sufficient proportions of security set up and to guarantee that these stay working at their full usefulness. Two significant pieces of misfortune counteraction are maintaining a strategic distance from misfortune that happens from clients through burglary and decietful conduct just as interior misfortune from staff and those that approach business data. The two types of misfortune are significant, and as an outcome security is significant for the working of any business. This paper will look at the utilization of physical securi ty, security activities plans and inward examinations as methods for recognizing and managing burglary and extortion. Explicit instances of kinds of burglary will be analyzed, just as a case of how security is overseen in a huge business firm. Misfortunes in retail add to huge declines in the benefit a store can make. Burglary assumes a noteworthy job in this, with $107.3 billion lost all around in 2010 because of robbery . The National Retail Security Survey in 2009 announced that a normal of 1.44% of all deals across the country are lost as an outcome of shrinkage . The term shrinkage alludes to the measure of items that are lost between the purpose of procurement or fabricate, and the retail location. This misfortune happens in various manners, for example, through harmed items and lost things. Senior supervisors and those in power take a gander at numerous methods of lessening shrinkage all things considered. In 2008, around 35% of this shrinkage was ascribed to shoplifting, whi le 44% was credited to robbery by workers .

Essay examples --

Previously, individuals have constantly attempted their own particular manners of utilizing day by day estimations. It was required and utilized for every day exchange just as further organizations. These things could possibly have been made if the individuals realized they were as a rule reasonable and legit; consequently, the explanation that various estimations expected to exist. Many short separation estimations depended on the lengths of the human body. The width of a thumb was utilized to take after the inch, which we utilized today in the English System of Measurements. The foot, which is twelve inches, was contrasted with the length of the human foot; in any case, today it is determined to be longer than most people’s feet. The yard, which is equivalent to three feet, was deduced to be the length from the tip of the nose, as far as possible of the center finger when the arm and hand are broadened. The Anglo Saxons of England estimated these short contrasts in their own specific manners as well. The length of three barleycorns was their length of the inch (it was near the cutting edge length). At that point in 1066, the Normans vanquished England and took back to England the Roman custom of the twelve inch foot. During the rule of Henry I the foot got official and was engraved on the base of a segment of St. Peter’s church in London (Rowlett, R. (2001). A word reference of units of estimation. English standard loads and measures). He additionally orchestrated the yard to be built up in England too. Despite the fact that, inches, feet, yards and so forth estimated shorter separations, miles were utilized to quantify any longer separations. This mile was a Roman unit, which was essentially the length of 1,000 paces of a Roman army. The â€Å"pace† was intended to be two stages, around five feet, which estimated the mile to be generally around 5,000 feet. The essential unit that was utilized for weight ... .... Cause of the decimal standard for measuring). As of now, individuals of numerous nations utilize this SI unit for estimations. The meter is utilized for estimating length (it very well may be changed over to millimeters, centimeters, decimeters, kilometers, decameters, and hectometers). The liter is utilized to gauge volume and its transformations are like the meter changes. The gram is utilized to quantify mass and its transformations follow the meter’s changes too. Researchers from everywhere throughout the world ensure they utilize this decimal standard for measuring so as to impart information and make all counts less complex. Albeit a lion's share of world uses the decimal standard for measuring in day by day exercises, the United States, UK, and different nations choose to in any case utilize English units day by day. What's more, despite the fact that everybody on the planet may utilize various estimations day by day, it was completely made to make our lives a little less complex every day.

I Got Your Weird Right Here 100 Must-Read Strange and Unusual Novels

I Got Your Weird Right Here 100 Must-Read Strange and Unusual Novels While we at the Riot take some time off to rest and catch up on our  reading, were re-running some of our  favorite posts from the last several months. Enjoy our highlight reel, and well be back with new stuff on Monday, July  11th. This post originally ran April 11, 2016. I love strange and unusual novels, mostly because I, myself, am strange and unusual. (Okay, you got me I wrote this list just so I could quote Beetlejuice.) Seriously, though, I love weird books. So whether theres something just a little different about the story, or the book is full-on bizarre, here are 100 wonderful books I have read and highly recommend. Some of them are funny. Some of them are disturbing. Some of them are both of those things. And they are all amazing! These were just the first 100 that popped into my head. I am happy to talk about more unusual books   and to learn about them! Please tell me about your favorite unusual books in the comments! Oryx and Crake by Margaret Atwood: In the future, for starters, people will have blue butts. Bear vs. Shark by Chris Bachelder: A young boy wins an essay contest and gets to take his family to Las Vegas to see a bear wrestle a shark. Lives of the Monster Dogs by Kirsten Bakis: Like Edward Scissorhands. But with dogs. The Vaults by Toby Ball: Intrigue surrounding an archive, set in the dystopian 1930s. The Wasp Factory by Iain Banks: *insert emoji for OH GOD MY EYES here* The Incarnations by Susan Barker: The many variations of lives of two people in  Beijing. Beatlebone by Kevin Barry: So, John Lennon is on an Irish island in 1978 The Teleportation Accident by Ned Beauman: This  has my favorite ending to any book ever. In the House Upon the Dirt Between the Lake and the Woods  by Matt Bell: A man swallows his unborn fetus like you do and it whispers dark secrets to him from inside. The Manual of Detection by Jedediah Berry: Bizarre dystopian detective noir. The Illumination by Kevin Brockmeier: People begin bleeding light from their wounds. Heart of a Dog by Mikhail Bulgakov (Author), Michael Glenny (Translator): A dog implanted with the glands of a human criminal becomes a bureaucrat. The Weirdness by Jeremy Bushnell: What if Satan wasnt a bad guy? HAHAHAHAHA. But no, really. Observatory Mansions by Edward Carey: About a group of eccentric misfits living in an apartment building. Motherfucking Sharks by Brian Allen Carr: These sharks are not just limited to water, the big toothy jerks. The Vorrh by B. Catling: I cannot succinctly explain it, nor did I understand it, but I definitely loved it. The Daughters by Adrienne Celt:  A family curse predicts a daughter will steal the voice of her mother. Who Was Changed and Who Was Dead by Barbara Comyns: A quaint village begins experiencing a rash of gruesome deaths. An Exaggerated Murder by Josh Cook:  If Sherlock Holmes and Ignatius J. Reilly had a baby, that child would be Trike Augustine. Girlfriend in a Coma by Douglas Coupland: Richards pregnant comatose girlfriends reawakening may bring about the apocalypse. Being Dead by Jim Crace:  The story of a couples murder, told backwards. Like Memento, in book form. Duplex by Kathryn Davis: If you understand this book, please explain it to me. Or not. I still thought it was rad. Geek Love by Katherine Dunn: NONCONFORMISTS FTW! This book is the BEST. The Wilds by Julia Elliott: Weird Southern gothic stories that include robot legs, levitation, and bizarre spa treatments. Sudden Death  by Álvaro Enrigue (Author), Natasha Wimmer (Translator): Bizarre historical tennis. Zeroville by Steve Erickson: This has my other favorite ending to any book ever. Viper Wine  by Hermione Eyre: If David Bowie wrote historical fiction. The Blue Girl by Laurie Foos: About a blue girl, who eats moon pies full of secrets. Prodigies by  Angélica Gorodischer:  This book scratched my Muriel Spark/Barbara Comyns itches, with an extra side of the unusual. After the People Lights Have Gone Off by Stephen Graham Jones: My first takeaway from this horror story collection: Dont tattoo dead people. The Raw Shark Texts by Steven Hall: A shark made of text actually follows you through the book. Delicious Foods by James Hannaham: One of the narrators of this book is crack cocaine. The Gone-Away World by Nick Harkaway: My favorite. The hardcover jacket is velour. Its the only book I own that I clean with a lint brush. The Library at Mount Char by Scott Hawkins: This melted my brains. Its my current book obsession. Fram by Steve Himmer: Employees of a fake government agency get sent on a real mission. Sister Mine by Nalo Hopkinson: Conjoined twins, now separated, whose father is the celestial demigod of growing things. Escape from Baghdad! by Saad Hossain: Bonkers war novel featuring jinn and an ancient librarian. Mr. Splitfoot by Samantha Hunt: A religious fanatic runs an orphanage where some of his charges can channel the dead. The Rabbit Back Literature Society by Pasi Ilmari Jääskeläinen (Author), Lola M. Rogers (Translator): The mysterious disappearance and society revolving around a famous childrens book author. The Hotel New Hampshire by John Irving: SO many weird things going on here. The woman who lives in a bear costume, for starters. Half Life by Shelley Jackson: Nora looks into a secret organization that might help her get rid of her twin. Er, her conjoined twin, that is. The Ninth Life of Louis Drax by Liz Jensen: Poor Louis could be a character in the Ghaslycrumb Tinies. Pym by Mat Johnson: An English professor searches for an island described in an Edgar Allan Poe novel, bringing along bones and Little Debbie snack cakes. The Vanishers by Heidi Julavits: A woman attending a school for psychics goes in search of the truth behind her mothers death. The Vegetarian by Han Kang: A womans decision to stop eating meat has dark and violent consequences. The Legend of Pradeep Mathew  by Shehan Karunatilaka: A madcap quest to find a legendary cricket bowler. The Last Illusion by Porochista Khakpour: A boy raised in a birdcage is rescued by a behavioral analyst and befriends a man who claims he can fly. The Cheese Monkeys by Chip Kidd: Weirdness at art school. (Is that redundant?) I Crawl Through It by A.S. King: Invisible helicopters, naked men in the bushes like its no big thing, and a girl who swallowed herself. Radio Iris by Anne-Marie Kinney: The receptionist at a company doesnt actually know what the comany does. (See also: The Beautiful Bureaucrat.) You Too Can Have a Body Like Mine by Alexandra Kleeman: This is the kind of weird that might make you weep because its not too far off from being reality. Alligators of Abraham by Robert Kloss: Alligators roam the world like humans during the Civil War. (I first read this when I had a fever, then read it again to be sure I hadnt hallucinated any of it.) Archivist Wasp  by Nicole Kornher-Stace: Ghosthunters, supersoldiers, and goddesses, oh my! The Orange Eats Creeps  by Grace Krilanovich: Its like a Burroughs vampire novel that might not actually be about vampires. Big Machine by Victor LaValle: A bus porter is invited to join a group of paranormal investigators. Long Division by Kiese Laymon: Time travel in the post-Katrina deep South. Disquiet by Julia Leigh: Sometimes its really hard to let go. *shudders* Just Like Beauty by Lisa Lerner: Futuristic beauty pageants, mutant grasshoppers, and suicide cults. As She Climbed Across the Table by Jonathan Lethem: Boy meets girl. Boy gets girl. Boy loses girl to a void in space. Stranger Things Happen by Kelly Link: SHE IS THE QUEEN. Read everything she has written. Right now. Ill wait here. The Gracekeepers by Kirsty Logan: A future where the world is mostly water and people are web-footed. Three Scenarios in Which Hana Sasaki Grows a Tail  by Kelly Luce: Short stories, including one about a toaster that can predict when people are going to die. The Story of My Teeth by Valeria Luiselli (Author), Christina MacSweeney (Translator): Three guesses what the main character likes to collect. Remainder by Tom McCarthy: Have you seen  Synecdoche, New York? Its a lot like that, but in book form. The Giants House by Elizabeth McCracken: A librarian becomes involved in the life of a boy who cant stop growing. The Portable Veblen  by Elizabeth Mckenzie: Science! Romance! Squirrels! These things are not mutually exclusive. Mermaids in Paradise by Lydia Millet: Mermaids are real, and theyre being exploited for financial gain. Slade House by David Mitchell: Five different Halloween nights, five different times people shouldnt have gone in Slade House. Brave Story by Miyuki Miyabe (Author), Alexander O. Smith (Translator): A boy seeking to change his fate enters the magical world of Vision. The 13 1/2 Lives of Captain Bluebear by Walter Moers: Its like Roald Dahl had a baby with Terry Pratchett. God Help the Child by Toni Morrison: A woman begins experiencing weird changes to her body when things in her life start going wrong. The Man in My Basement by Walter Mosely: A white man pays a black man to keep him locked in a cage in his basement. Hard-Boiled Wonderland and the End of the World  by Haruki Murakami: Madness surrounding a particle accelerator, Lauren Bacall, Bob Dylan, librarians, thugs, and more. Shine Shine Shine by Lydia Netzer: A woman struggles at home while her husband is on a mission to populate the moon with robots. The Country of Ice Cream Star by Sandra Newman: In a future America, people dont live past the age of twenty. What Was Lost by Catherine OFlynn: Whats behind the unexplained images on the security camera at the mall? Lagoon  by Nnedi Okorafor: A  famous rapper, a biologist, and a rogue soldier  walk into a bar Mr. Fox by Helen Oyeyemi: A bloodthirsty author is taken to task by one of his own characters. Version Control by Dexter Palmer: I dont know if Id like the President having the ability to pop round whenever he likes. The Bees by Laline Paul: A novel set inside a beehive, starring what else? bees. The Beautiful Bureaucrat by Helen Phillips: Josephine works entering endless strings of numbers into a computer, but she has no idea what theyre for. Masters of Atlantis by Charles Portis: A crackpot religion is founded based upon the lost city of Atlantis. Waiting for Gertrude by Bill Richardson: The spirits of famous people visit a Parisian cemetery in the form of cats. Dendera by Yuya Sato (Author), Edwin Hawkes (Translator), Nathan A Collins (Translator): A group of elderly women form a utopian community. Plus bears. (Theres a lot of bears on this list.) The Brief and Frightening Reign of Phil by George Saunders: Inner Horner is a country only big enough to hold one resident at a time. Jamestown by Matthew Sharpe: A resettling of Jamestown, post-destruction of Manhattan. Cat Country by Lao She: Cat men on Mars! I repeat: Cat men on Mars! A Jello Horse by Matthew Simmons: The narrator embarks on a road trip to visit Americas bizarre museums and roadside attractions. The Unfinished World and Other Stories by Amber Sparks: Short stories, including one about two orphans who take up taxidermy to help with their grief. Some of Your Blood by Theodore Sturgeon: The life of soldier George Smith, presented in letters and documents surrounding his case. Deathless by Catherynne M. Valente: Three words: Stalinist house elves. Annihilation by Jeff VanderMeer: Expeditions investigate Area X, an unknown area that appeared over a section of the country. Zazen by Vanessa Veselka: A young woman may or may not be behind a series of anarchistic bombings. Shes not actually sure. Slapstick or Lonesome No More!  by Kurt Vonnegut: Its  about the last president of the United States. May be read as fact  soon. Paper Tigers by Damien Angelica Walters: It had me at a photo album inhabited by a predatory ghost. The Intuitionist by Colson Whitehead: Elevator operators in a parallel universe. Damnificados  by JJ Amaworo Wilson: 600 squatters take over an abandoned tower, complete with wolves and ghosts. The Family Fang by Kevin Wilson: Serious Royal Tenenbaum vibes. The Passion by Jeanette Winterson: Napoleon! Venice! More web-footed people! And a woman who is trying to retrieve her heart from a locked box. The Bear Comes Home by Rafi Zabor: The protagonist is a walking, talking, saxaphone-playing bear.

How PAL Came to Be

My husband and I began homeschooling our children over twenty years ago when our oldest was five. It was a delight to teach them at home, but reading did not come easily to them. I tried many different reading programs, but nothing seemed to work. I felt like a failure because, while my nine year old struggled through Little Bear, my friends’ four and five year olds were reading at a much higher level. When I was introduced to IEW in 2001, I was excited to hear Andrew explain about his training in Canada with Anna Ingham and her Blended Sound-Sight Program of Learning. Since it sounded like the perfect program, I searched for and purchased her book describing the process but was saddened to find that ready-made materials were unavailable. However, because my kids were still struggling to learn how to read, I began to experiment with the ideas in the book, creating my own materials and figuring out how to implement them in our home. I was amazed at the effect that each of her ideas made on my kids and their ability to read. Since I had successfully written lesson plans for IEW, they asked me to use what I had learned from the Ingham program to create reading and writing materials for homeschoolers. With the help of my eldest daughter, a budding graphic designer, we created the Primary Arts of Language or PAL. During the writing my youngest daughter was just six, so she and my older children helped me test the materials as I developed them. I’ll never forget the day that I brought all the games to our high school cooperative classes for assembly and testing to ensure everything worked right. As the teens played the games, I heard delighted sqeals, â€Å"Hey, I got it!† I figured that if high schoolers found the games engaging and fun, they would be a hit with the primary level as well, and they are! In the arts of language, writing goes hand-in-hand with reading.  I  had learned with my dyslexic children that  I  could model the composition process while they were still learning how to print and spell. Thus, the PAL lessons guide the teacher in this modeling so that when students are ready to write, they already have  practiced the process enough orally to easily transfer it to paper. This gentle introduction thoroughly prepares students for the full Structure and Style program in the grades to come. Since it was published by IEW in 2011, we have received countless testimonials from parents whose children have enjoyed learning to read and write with PAL. My favorite testimonies come from parents who had just about given up on teaching their child to read and finally, thanks to PAL, found success.  I am eternally grateful to Anna Ingham and her daughter, Shirley George, for having developed the system that enables parents to successfully teach their children to read and write.   Log in or register to post commentsJill Pikes blog Log in or register to post comments PALS Program Permalink By skywatchr7Feb13 After using the IEWs Writing with Structure Style for my oldest daughter, I was so impressed with the program that I examined the PALS program for our 5 year old. He already had a good grasp on his letters and their sounds, but we were looking for a program that would give him a strong, fun approach to learning to read and write. We are now in lesson 21, and we are not disappointed. Though he doesnt care for the cutting and gluing that comes with some of the work pages, our son anticipates adding stickers to the phonics farm each week. As a parent, I appreciate the gentle but steady approach to teaching sight words along with blended letter sounds. He is beginning to apply what he is learning in the PALS program to other early readers. Log in or register to post comments

After the Management MBA 2019

I have high hopes for the future MBA holders of the world. I am hoping that as they get their feet wet in the working world and pursue this great degree, that they will learn from the example of their bosses, and move forward with the knowledge that sometimes, no matter how much education you have, there isnt an excuse for being unbearable in the workplace. I am writing this in light of a boss I know that single handedly turned a safe and secure corporate America into a horrific experience with his public relations stunts and lack of honesty. It is important to keep things in perspective, and realize that there are good things in every person. This is definitely true, and I would be able to easily sit down and write a list of this particular boss good qualities, but unfortunately the bad has outweighed the good. It compels me to write this so that future managers of the world know that some tactics are just not good, no matter how good your intentions may be. .ub3029359fe3f088c47f4f1516d8fb43f { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .ub3029359fe3f088c47f4f1516d8fb43f:active, .ub3029359fe3f088c47f4f1516d8fb43f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .ub3029359fe3f088c47f4f1516d8fb43f { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .ub3029359fe3f088c47f4f1516d8fb43f .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .ub3029359fe3f088c47f4f1516d8fb43f .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .ub3029359fe3f088c47f4f1516d8fb43f:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ A Master's Degree in Criminal Justice ManagementDouble Standards In this particular company, we mentor young people, and they are deducted points and are punished accordingly for using vulgarities on campus. In turn, our president spends his days swearing up and down our hallways, within ear shot of the students. This sets the model for hypocrisy and though he has since had this brought to his attention and he has cut down significantly, he has still set the example of hypocrisy. This is a very difficult thing to reverse. In other instances, this has been taken a little bit farther, by demanding loyalty from employees while demeaning them at the same time. Know that, as a manager, your leadership is most effective when other people feel as if you have been there at their level. People are going to respect you much more if you come alongside them instead of trying to be in front of them pulling the leash. .u6fb7d49c5aec0adc1de16d209c815325 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u6fb7d49c5aec0adc1de16d209c815325:active, .u6fb7d49c5aec0adc1de16d209c815325:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u6fb7d49c5aec0adc1de16d209c815325 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u6fb7d49c5aec0adc1de16d209c815325 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u6fb7d49c5aec0adc1de16d209c815325 .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u6fb7d49c5aec0adc1de16d209c815325:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ General Engineering Degree Make Use of Technical and People Skills as a Sales EngineerHonesty Bosses who are continually dishonest sometimes believe that it will not catch up with them because they are the head of a company. Chances are though, that your employees are on to you or soon will be, and there is always a higher up somewhere, somehow to complain to. People never like being lied to. It is probably the quickest way to violate any trust as well as being the most difficult to earn back. Lying to scare, coerce, or convince employees to partake in whatever your wish is for them to do, is not going to get you anywhere in the long run. Your mother told you that honesty is the best policy. And really, they told the truth. Know that integrity outruns deceit and that investment in people is going to outshine any investments in education. Recognize your audience and work accordingly. You have been put in a position of leadership for a distinct reason. You have been given a higher purpose. Use that in a positive way. .ub57822e4afade04243f17d066aeb8a1e { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .ub57822e4afade04243f17d066aeb8a1e:active, .ub57822e4afade04243f17d066aeb8a1e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .ub57822e4afade04243f17d066aeb8a1e { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .ub57822e4afade04243f17d066aeb8a1e .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .ub57822e4afade04243f17d066aeb8a1e .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .ub57822e4afade04243f17d066aeb8a1e:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ You and a Career in AdvertisingRelated ArticlesEmployment Opportunities With an Associates Degree in Criminal JusticeThe Trials and Tribulations of a Distance Learning MBAGetting Started With a Career in BusinessCommerce 101 The Business Administration CertificateWhy not an MBAThe IT Security Industry

Wgu Risk Management Business Contingency Plan Essay

State Farm Business Contingency Plan Xavier Smith Western Governors University State Farm Business Contingency Plan The qualitative risk analysis performed in a previous report identified eight notable risks associated with setting up a call-center presence in Quà ©bec, Canada. As those risks are successfully managed, the call center will commence operation and start handling telephonic insurance requests from mostly French-speaking customers. (Only one-quarter of employees at this center will handle English-speaking calls from Canadian customers.) Because there will be a sole call center in Canada handling 100 percent of the French-speaking calls and one-quarter of English-speaking calls, it will be imperative to establish a†¦show more content†¦This team is responsible for 1) the proper routing of calls to call-center representatives based on their skill set—referred to skill-set gating—and 2) managing the call-center employees’ phone and off-the-phone schedules—referred to adherence and conformance. Damage to telephone lines, networking structures, and computers prevents the proper support of the call-center employees, which results in missed commitments with telephonic customers. Functioning Electrical System The electrical system is managed by the public-utilities company of the local area. If a tornado sufficiently damaged this entity to prevent the consistent delivery of electricity to the call center, there may be a disruption to the ability to make and receive calls as well as process data. The call center employs backup power generators in such an instance, but these generators provide eight hours of power. In natural disasters, it is not unlikely that utilities companies will be able to restore service within weeks. For each of the communications components listed above, State Farm should establish a call-routing process to handle inbound and outbound calls in exigent situations. Call routing simply means that a national Intra-Day Management Team, a team that manages the overall statistics generated from all State Farm’s call centers and that supersedes the authority of local intra-day management teams, would direct calls from the Canadian center to anyShow MoreRelatedC200 course5463 Words   |  22 Pagescompetencies and represents 3 competency units. Introduction Overview This course covers principles of effective management and leadership that maximize organizational performance. The following topics are included: the roles and functions of a manager, analysis of personal leadership styles, approaches to self-awareness and self-assessment, and application of foundational leadership and management skills. Watch the following videos for an introduction to this course: [Welcome Video] (2:50 min.) Note:

Similarities Between The Stranger And Waiting For Godot

â€Å"The Stranger† was written by Albert Camus, and â€Å"Waiting for Godot† was written by Samuel Beckett. There are many similarities and differences between these two pieces of literature. The main similarity is that both pieces of literature explore existentialism, but it’s also a main difference because of the methods in which the characters explore meaning in a different way. These two pieces of literature can easily be compared and contrasted due to the connectivity of the central themes. The authors explore existentialism in both pieces of literature. In â€Å"Waiting for Godot†, the two main characters, Vladimir and Estragon, endlessly wait for a man called Godot. This is the only way in which they seem to search for meaning. They hope that†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"I didn’t feel like having lunch at Celeste’s like I usually did because they’d be sure to ask questions and I don’t like that.†(Camus, 21). He also usually spends his free time smoking, eating, or watching people on the street. In â€Å"Waiting for Godot†, Vladimir and Estragon wait for a man named Godot at the same place repeatedly, and they don’t have anything else to do. Waiting for Godot is the only meaning Vladimir and Estragon have in order to continue living. The expression of emotions are different in the two pieces of literature. In â€Å"The Stranger†, Meursault does not express any emotions. He doesn’t show any feelings when his mother died or when Marie asks him if he loves her or not. Nothing but the physical world actually matters to him. Merusault is also honest, and his honesty reflects his ignorance toward Marie and his mother’s death. â€Å"Maman died today. Or yesterday, maybe. I got a telegram from the home: â€Å"Mother deceased. Funeral tomorrow. Faithfully yours.† That doesn’t mean anything. Maybe it was yesterday.†(Camus, 3). In â€Å"Waiting for Godot†, emotions are expressed in various ways. Mersault doesn’t express his feelings because he thinks there’s no meaning, but Vladimir and Estragon believe that Godot will help them, which shows that they have hope. They express their feelings, like getting angry when Lucky was treated inhumanely, getting excited wh enShow MoreRelatedOverview of Three Interpretations of Samuel Becketts Waiting for Godot3226 Words   |  13 Pages Samuel Beckett wrote Waiting for Godot between October 1948 and January 1949. Since its premiere in January of 1953, it has befuddled and confounded critics and audiences alike. Some find it to be a meandering piece of drivel; others believe it to be genius. Much of the strain between the two sides stems from one simple question. What does this play mean? Even within camps where Waiting for Godot is heralded, the lack of clarity and consensus brings about a tension and discussion that has lastedRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Harold Pinter s The Room 9709 Words   |  39 PagesChristopher Fry’s The Lady is not for Burning (1948), T.S. Eliot’s Murder in the Cathedral (1935) and The Cocktail Party (1949) are some of the noteworthy poetic dramas of the period. A significant development which took place during the period between Word War I and World II is a decline in religious faith which according to Esslin â€Å"was masked until the end of the Second World war by the substitute religions of faith in progress, nationalism, and various totalitarian fallacies† (Pinter the PlaywrightRead MoreEssay Prompts4057 Words   |  17 PagesMe,Ultima One Hundred Years of Solitude Catch-22 Othello Crime and Punishment The Scarlet Letter The Crucible Slaughterhouse-Five A Farewell to Arms Song of Solomon Ghosts The Stone Angel The Great Gatsby The Stranger Heart of Darkness A Tale of Two Cities The House of Mirth Their Eyes Were Watching God Jude the Obscure 2003 (Form A): According to critic Northrop Frye, â€Å"Tragic heroes are so much the highest points in their human landscape that they

The Childhood Of Teenage Hood - 1394 Words

Michelle, an eleven year old girl, enjoys the typical activities a girl her age would like to do. That is why I thought going to the mall with Michelle, her mother and her little brother would be a good idea. During our day at the mall and our talk after lunch, I was able to get an insight into her psychological development as a pre-teen. Not only was Michelle dealing with the transformation from childhood to teenage hood, but was also struggling with understanding her medical setbacks as a child. At age 3 Michelle’s parents found out that she was suffering from leukemia. This changed majority of Michelle’s childhood. By age 5 Michelle was free of her cancer and able to continue most her life normally. In reality, Michelle will never be able to live her life normally because she will always live the fact that she had an illness. Because Michelle had leukemia as a child, it seemed that her awareness of herself wasn’t the same as other girls her age. A commonly known stereotype that is understood by most people is that women have lower self-esteem than men. Preteen girls are at a much greater risk than adults at being influenced by outside stimuli that can cause self-esteem to lower. I think that girls tend to have a harder time at the beginning of puberty, while boys have a harder time later in puberty. Research shows that â€Å"girls reported lower self-esteem than boys in early adolescence and late adolescent boys reported lower self-esteem than younger boys.† (Polce-Lynch,Show MoreRelatedThe Loss Of Innocence By Charles Perrault And Little Red Riding Hood1459 Words   |  6 Pagesinnocence. Adding to the commonality of this theme in different texts, â€Å"The Babysitter† by Robert Coover, and â€Å"Little Red Riding Hood† by Charles Perrault supports the attraction of innocence and the often coupling of it with loss in popular literature; to include children’s books. Where a character is perceived as in a transitional period during their formative years or childhood, it is true that the beginning of the loss of their innocence stems from a conflict. A clash with an authority figures or anRead MoreShould Society Support Pregnant Teens Essay947 Words   |  4 Pagessupport. Although this helps the teen and the child this often times is not enough to prevent the teen and child from growing up in poverty. It is due to this poverty that boys born to teenage mothers are 13% more likely to be incarcerated later in life and girls born to teenage mothers are 22% more likely to become teenage mothers themselves. Also children born to teens are more likely to suffer from emotional stress and are less likely to be as disciplined due to the mother having other priorities inRead MoreEarly Onset Of The Disorder952 Words   |  4 Pages Bipolar, or manic-depression, is a mood disorder that is typically diagnosed during mid teenage years to early adulthood. Many people believe that mid te en years are the earliest a diagnosis can be made, however the disorder can be diagnosed in early childhood. Early onset of the disorder is often much more severe, and is harder to treat. The possible causes for early onset are similar to those of late onset. Symptoms are also similar, however those in early onset can be more serious. DiagnosisRead MoreAthletic And A Child Named Timothy Jamal Hood827 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction This case study will focus on an athletic and cheerful child named Timothy Jamal Hood. Timothy is a growing fifteen-year-old male with fair skin and dark brown eyes. He is five feet and seven inches tall. Timothy was born on August 4, 2000, to his father, Irvin, and mother, Maria Hood. The family owns a four bedroom home in Missouri City, Texas. Timothy has a dog named Max. Timothy is a sophomore at Elkins High school. Timothy has an older brother named Robert. The family’s socioeconomicRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency A Sociological Approach1408 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstand why because it helps us explain the motives for their actions. Reckless’s theory, Hirchi’s theory, labeling theory, and Agnew’s theory all seek to explain why delinquency happens mostly in the lower class societies. In the movie Boyz n The Hood by John Singleton there are many social factors that are known to influence juvenile delinquency like social relationships, poverty and commu nity standards. In the book â€Å"Juvenile Delinquency A Sociological Approach† by Thomson and Bynum they describeRead MoreTeen Suicide1415 Words   |  6 Pages Abstract Teenage suicide is the number two cause of death for teens today. While the questions of why can never be answered for certain there are numerous risk factors that can go into the reasoning for a teen taking their own life. Factors include family problems, bullying, and sexual orientation, but other problems are just natural changes in the developmental process of teenagers. Cognitive and identity development and seeking autonomy are all instinctive aspects of being a teenager, but whenRead MoreThe Age Of The Middle Class1609 Words   |  7 Pagesclass things appeared to be going quite well. The theory behind teenagers was to create a grace period between childhood and adulthood, in which an individual was able to learn and grow from their experiences. But as the years progress the ease into adulthood started to become more of a steep cliff rather than the gradual incline (ushistory.org). As a teenager, I believe that the teenage community is being stereotyped as a lazy and irrespon sible generation perceived by other older generations, butRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Patricia Talks858 Words   |  4 Pagesthink she was just simply trying to just justify why she was blacking out. She was always asking her self â€Å"why don’t I remember anything, why am I always feeling like time is just flying by†. Her mother heavily drank through her entire childhood and into her adult hood it was a big way she bonded with her children. Her father continues to â€Å"support† her through therapy but it isn’t until she has a diagnosis that explains her differences that he really understands and is relived they now have a answerRead More Lost Lady Essay896 Words   |  4 Pagesher prose selection of diction and arrangements of graphic detail, which conveys a feeling of passion, sadness, tense anger and unending happiness through Neil Herbert. Throughout the book, Cather describes Neil Herbert ¡Ã‚ ¯s life from his childhood, to his teenage years, and then to his adulthood with surpassing diction and supporting detail. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;As the story begins, Cather describes Neil Herbert as,  ¡Ã‚ °a handsome boy of twelve whom she liked. ¡Ã‚ ± This description gives us aRead MoreComing Of Age By Richard Wright1497 Words   |  6 Pagesis universally known throughout many different pieces of literature. Whether it’s influenced on true experiences, childhood memories, or even based on one’s current juvenile reality, many of theses works have a correlation between them that include many similar ordeals and struggles that the character goes through in order to metamorphosize into taking their first step out of childhood. One prominent theme that often appears is how one experiences and faces a time of tribulation and other walls that

Fiar Lawrence’s Part in Romeo and Juliet Free Essays

In the well known play, Romeo and Juliet, by William Shakespeare, many tragedies occur. Friar Lawrence plays an important part in shaping the play and maintaining the interest of the audience. Moreover, Friar Lawrence makes actions, decisions, and options that lead on making a huge impact, in the lives of Romeo and Juliet in the play. We will write a custom essay sample on Fiar Lawrence’s Part in Romeo and Juliet or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the play, Romeo and Juliet, Friar Lawrence makes a huge impact on Romeo and Juliet, by deciding to marry them.He wanted to make a positive impact in the lives of the Capulet’s and the Montague’s, â€Å"†¦ In one respect I’ll thy assist be, for this alliance may so happy prove Toil turn your household’s rancor to pure love† ( I, iii, 88-92 ). Furthermore, the second mistake happens in the beginning of the play,† Come, come with me, and we will make short work; for, by your leaves, you shall not stay alone Till Holly Church incorporate in one† ( II, VI, 35-37).Friar Lawrence makes a crucial mistake when he arranges a secret marriage ceremony for Romeo and Juliet. Consequently, Friar Lawrence’s decisions affect him; by leading him to a certain punishment and to guilt, â€Å"†¦ And lead you even to death†¦Ã¢â‚¬  ( V, IV, 31-37 ). The Prince tells Friar Lawrence that the decision he made can lead him to death. In addition, Friar Lawrence also receives the punishment of guilt, â€Å"†¦ And here I stand, both to impeach and purge, Myself condemned and myself excused ( V, IV, 238-24 ).Thus, the decisions he made lead him to deadly consequences. Furthermore, the decision Friar Lawrence made; which was marrying Romeo and Julie to unite the Montagues and Capulets was bad. This was a bad decision because this lead to the suffering of Romeo and Juliet, â€Å"†¦ For never was a story more of woe Than this of Juliet and her Romeo† ( V, V, 321-326 ). Even so, his bad decision also lead to deaths, â€Å"†¦ For here Juliet, and her beauty makes This vautl a feasting presence full of light.Death, lie thou there, by a dead man interred†¦Ã¢â‚¬  ( V, IV, 82-130 ). Therefore, his bad decision lead to Romeo’s and Juliet’s death. Additionally, there are times when interventions by other characters change the course of the play. Friar Lawrence’s decisions contributed to the tragedy at the end of the play of Shakespeare. Therefore, Friar Lawrence made a huge impact in the course of the play; by making the play a tragedy. How to cite Fiar Lawrence’s Part in Romeo and Juliet, Papers

Pros Cons of Bottled Water free essay sample

Water coolers which are also categorized under bottled water provide cool and refreshing water to people that want it. Water coolers and carbonated water mounted on a dispenser are the best option for companies with great number of staff. Employees can easily get their drinking water from the dispenser in their companies. The clients of the companies can also make use of the waters in the dispensers. Every coin always has two sides. This is applicable to bottled water. It may be shocking for some people to hear that most of the bottled waters available today are not as pure as they are believed to be. Experiment carried out on bottled water proves that right. The reason for this is because of the presence of many bogus bottled water companies in existence. They do not process their water. Upon analysis, there is no difference between their water and tap water. If that is the case, why then should people waste their money in buying bottled? Do you know that bottled water can cost tooth decay? Are you surprise to hear this? This is a fact that many people do not know. We will write a custom essay sample on Pros Cons of Bottled Water or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Even bottled water produced under the best condition can also lead to this. Bottled water produced through distillation or osmosis lack fluoride ions in them which are present in natural water. Fluoride ions are needed to guide against tooth decay. So, you are exposing yourself to the dangers of developing tooth decay. The greatest downside of bottled water is its effect on the environment. Given the number of people taking bottled water, the environment is littered with emptied plastic bottles; only a small fraction of these bottles can be recycled. They therefore constitute environment problem. One of the problems facing the contemporary world is the problem of waste management. The government is spending a huge sum of money every year in order to manage this waste. Even if these plastic bottles can be recycled, many people drop them anyhow along the road. This does not present a better image of the society. Besides, when these plastic bottles are mixed with other degradable garbage, it will constitute some problems to the composters. Separating them from the degradable garbage becomes a very big  problem for composters. Owing to the amount spent in waste management, bottled water business indirectly take from the government the money they got from the business through taxation. There is also the danger of being exposed to chemicals when one is using bottled water. This chemical does not emanate from water. It comes from the plastic bottles used in packaging bottled water. The chemical BPA which is the acronym for Bis-Phenol A is present in some plastic bottles used in packaging distilled water. As studies have revealed, this chemical can lead to serious health complications. Having known the pros and cons of bottled water, it is left for you to decide on the best line of action to take.

Unemployment Rate free essay sample

Statement of the Problem According to research, unemployment is one  of the main problems in Jamaica. This study intends to  discover the effects of unemployment on family lives in  Brown’sTown, and the factors contributing to  the increase in the number of  unemployed persons. The study also seeks to determine the causes of unemployment in the society andthe factors which are likely to get you into the unemployment queue. According toobservations and some books, unemployment creates a depressive impact-familyinstability and relationship problems. The internet depicts that unemployment causesfamily disorders.An interview was conducted which  shows that unemployment is alsocaused by religious, political and educational  reasons. Rastafarians for examples have ahard time getting a job because of their religion, the winning political party does not give  jobs to voters or supporters of the opposing  party and a lack of education is responsiblefor many people being unemployed as most jobs require at least a high  school. We will write a custom essay sample on Unemployment Rate or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Daily Gleaner dated; September 07, 2008, shows that unemployment iscaused by laziness and lack of education, because jobs are always being advertised in theDaily Gleaner and most times no one turns up for the position.The growing rate of unemployment in Jamaica  has always been an issue that  puzzles and interests me. The many problems include  crime and violence and thelowering of people’s self-esteem. By completing this research, the researcher hopes toexplore the many causes of unemployment, a realization of the seriousness of the  problem in the country and  suggestions as to what can be done to alleviate this problem. My views on the minimization of unemployment is for the Government to increase theGrowth and development of the educational and training systems and the economy.Description of Information GatheredCauses and effects Observations were conducted among employed and unemployed families. Theunemployed families suffered from abnormal family functioning andinstability, contemptible spending  pattern and life style, low  social class. Father’sunemployment on  the family affects adolescent’s behavior. The internet  wikipedea. comUnemployment and  the family by Voydanoff,Patricia (2006) and lubs. leeds. ac. uk. com-Causes of unemployment and  policies toachieve full employment By Malcolm Sawyer (2007) support my observations.I drew  aconclusion from the websites that unemployment is caused by varieties of problems,mainly, education  and training, or  physical disabilities, for example; blindness, paralysisand non-consciousness. of persons Yes  No Opinions Bar graph showing No. of people thatunemployment affects their familys relations andstability 4 According to  the web  site STATIN. com the  statistical institute of Jamaica  definesthe unemployed as â€Å"Persons who are available to work and currently seeking work, butthe person is withoutwork   † .From November 2008, the world is experiencing a drasticeconomical depression, which  affects the Jamaican labor force  ruthlessly. The labor  forcesurvey published late January 2009 says that the  unemployment rate increased by 20%since November 2008. Even  at this rate Pearnel Charles (Minister of labor) believesThat â€Å"unemployment is a most difficult problem facing the majority of our peopleespecially in the inter city areas and in  particular the youth† he said that not being able tocare for one’s family and putting a shelter over their heads is dehumanizing  anddebilitating for those affected.He concluded that the  opportunity to provide jobs lies atthe basis of the  country’s development. To solve the problem  of unemployment he  saidâ€Å"we need to provide a developed society with a macro economy frame work that willencourage people to invest in the country†. He noted that we should not only beconcerned about those who are recorded as unemployed but those who areunderemployed, and special attention to those who are unemployable.

Free Essays on Education Of Sexual Abuse

Sexual abuse has been a huge trend in violent victimization. Through out the last decade there has been extensive research on how and what sexual abuse is and how sexual abuse affects the minds of children. Child sexual abuse does not have one definite definition and can cause many disorders psychologically within the child’s mind. Through education of what sexual abuse is, what disorders the post-victimization causes, and how to prevent it, child sexual abuse cases will be lowered and parents and children will become more powerful with the knowledge that will encourage them to stand up to their perpetrator. Violence on children has become a societal problem. A very particular form of violence is child sexual abuse. According to the World Health Organization â€Å"violence prevention is a public health priority† (MWWR). When sexual abuse has been brought into a conversation, most people automatically think of the common definition of child sexual abuse, which is the unlawful sexual contact between adult and child. The National Center of Child Abuse and Neglect, child abuse consists of contact or interaction adult and child, although the perpetrator does not need to be above the age of eighteen, all the perpetrators have to be is older than the victim is, and in a position of power (Gordon, McConnell, Schroeder). Child sexual abuse can take many forms and does not have to be the unlawful sexual contact by a stranger, most people come to think of, and sexual abuse can be a gentle seduction by a trusted relative, to a violent rape by a stranger (Maltz). Sexual abuse also does not ne ed to be just rape; it can be being forced to pose for pornographic pictures, being prematurely exposed to pornography and being sexually harassed over the phone and the internet (Maltz). Sexual abuse can take many forms and be in many people. Knowing whether or not a person is a perpetrator, is what parents need to know to keep their child safe, and for the... Free Essays on Education Of Sexual Abuse Free Essays on Education Of Sexual Abuse Sexual abuse has been a huge trend in violent victimization. Through out the last decade there has been extensive research on how and what sexual abuse is and how sexual abuse affects the minds of children. Child sexual abuse does not have one definite definition and can cause many disorders psychologically within the child’s mind. Through education of what sexual abuse is, what disorders the post-victimization causes, and how to prevent it, child sexual abuse cases will be lowered and parents and children will become more powerful with the knowledge that will encourage them to stand up to their perpetrator. Violence on children has become a societal problem. A very particular form of violence is child sexual abuse. According to the World Health Organization â€Å"violence prevention is a public health priority† (MWWR). When sexual abuse has been brought into a conversation, most people automatically think of the common definition of child sexual abuse, which is the unlawful sexual contact between adult and child. The National Center of Child Abuse and Neglect, child abuse consists of contact or interaction adult and child, although the perpetrator does not need to be above the age of eighteen, all the perpetrators have to be is older than the victim is, and in a position of power (Gordon, McConnell, Schroeder). Child sexual abuse can take many forms and does not have to be the unlawful sexual contact by a stranger, most people come to think of, and sexual abuse can be a gentle seduction by a trusted relative, to a violent rape by a stranger (Maltz). Sexual abuse also does not ne ed to be just rape; it can be being forced to pose for pornographic pictures, being prematurely exposed to pornography and being sexually harassed over the phone and the internet (Maltz). Sexual abuse can take many forms and be in many people. Knowing whether or not a person is a perpetrator, is what parents need to know to keep their child safe, and for the...

Definition and Examples of Argumentum Ad Misericordiam

Definition and Examples of Argumentum Ad Misericordiam Ad misericordiam is an argument based on a strong appeal to the emotions. Also known as  argumentum ad misericordiam  or  appeal to pity or misery. When an appeal to sympathy or pity is highly exaggerated or irrelevant to the issue at hand, ​ad misericordiam is regarded as a logical fallacy.  The first mention of  ad misericordiam  as a fallacy was in an article in the  Edinburgh Review  in 1824. Ronald Munson points out that [n]ot all mention of factors which appeal to our sympathies is irrelevant [to an argument], and the trick is to distinguish legitimate appeals from spurious ones (The Way of Words). From the Latin, appeal to pity   Examples and Observations Your Honor, my incarceration is cruel and unusual punishment. First, my prison-issued shower sandals are grossly undersized. Secondly, the prison book club consists mainly of prisoners who club me with books.(Sideshow Bob in Day of the Jackanapes. The Simpsons, 2001)This appeal to our emotions need not be fallacious or faulty. A writer, having argued several points logically, may make an emotional appeal for extra support. . . .When an argument is based solely on the exploitation of the readers pity, however, the issue gets lost. Theres an old joke about a man who murdered his parents and appealed to the court for leniency because he was an orphan. Its funny because it ludicrously illustrates how pity has nothing to do with murder. Lets take a more realistic example. If you were a lawyer whose client was charged with bank embezzlement, you would not get very far basing your defense solely on the fact that the defendant was abused as a child. Yes, you may touch the hearts of the juror s, even move them to pity. Yet that would not exonerate your client. The abuse the defendant suffered as a child, as woeful as it is, has nothing to do with his or her crime as an adult. Any intelligent prosecutor would point out the attempt to manipulate the court with a sob story while distracting it from more important factors such as justice.(Gary Goshgarian, et al., An Argument Rhetoric and Reader. Addison-Wesley, 2003) Germaine Greer on Hillary Clintons Tears Watching Hillary Clinton pretending to get teary-eyed is enough to make me give up shedding tears altogether. The currency, you might say, has become devalued. . .   Hillarys feeble display of emotion, while answering questions from voters in a cafe in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, on Monday, is supposed to have done her campaign the world of good. If it has, its because people have wished a tear into her stony reptilian eye, not because there actually was one. What caused her to get all mooshy was her mention of her own love of her country. Patriotism has once more proved a valuable last refuge for a scoundrel. Hillarys clipped diction did not falter; all she had to do was take the steel edge off her voice and our imaginations did the rest. Hillary was human after all. Fear and loathing fled New Hampshire, Hillary scored against the run of play, and all it took was the suspicion of a tear. Or so they say. Can the moral of the story be: when youre up against it, dont fight back, just cry? As if too many women dont already use tears as a power-tool. Over the years Ive had to deal with more than one manipulative student who produced tears instead of w ork; my standard response was to say, Dont you dare cry. Im the one who should be crying. Its my time and effort thats being wasted. Lets hope Hillarys crocodile effort doesnt encourage more women to use tears to get their way.(Germaine Greer, For Crying Out Loud! The Guardian, January  10, 2008) An Argument That Raises a Warning Signal ​​Plenty of evidence has been presented that the ad misericordiam is both a powerful and deceptively misleading tactic of argumentation well worth careful study and evaluation. On the other hand, our treatment also suggests that it is misleading, in various ways, to think of the appeal to pity simply as a fallacious argument move. The problem is not that appeal to pity is inherently irrational or fallacious. The problem is that such an appeal can have such a powerful impact that it easily gets out of hand, carrying a weight of presumption far beyond what the context of dialogue merits and distracting a respondent from more relevant and important considerations.While ad misericordiam arguments are fallacious in some cases, it is better to think of the argumentum ad misericordiam not as a fallacy (at least per se, or even most importantly) but as a kind of argument that automatically raises a warning signal: Look out, you could get in trouble with this kind of argument if you are not very careful!(Douglas N. Walton, The Place of Emotion in Argument. Penn State Press, 1992) The Lighter Side of Ad Misericordiam: The Job Applicant Seated under the oak the next evening I said, Our first fallacy tonight is called Ad Misericordiam.[Polly] quivered with delight.Listen closely, I said. A man applies for a job. When the boss asks him what his qualifications are, he replies that he has a wife and six children at home, the wife is a helpless cripple, the children have nothing to eat, no clothes to wear, no shoes on their feet, there are no beds in the house, no coal in the cellar, and winter is coming.A tear rolled down each of Polly’s pink cheeks. Oh, this is awful, awful, she sobbed.Yes, it’s awful, I agreed, but it’s no argument. The man never answered the boss’s question about his qualifications. Instead he appealed to the boss’s sympathy. He committed the fallacy of Ad Misericordiam. Do you understand?Have you got a handkerchief? she blubbered.I handed her a handkerchief and tried to keep from screaming while she wiped her eyes.(Max Shulman, The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis. Doubl eday, 1951)

Week 8 DQ 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week 8 DQ 2 - Essay Example Federal Court judges are appointed for life. This poses a problem for majority rule, for American democracy. However, perhaps, they actually protect the rights of minorities and thus have the kind of open system that causes democracy to flourish (Edwards, et al, 2008). The federal courts are also quite powerful and have a large scope of judicial power in American society. Many argue that they should not be involved in policy making but in settling disputes. The United States judicial system is basically adversarial in that opposing civil law cases are presented to an arbiter. It consists of statutes and common law, the latter an accumulation of judicial decisions (ibid.) In the Judiciary Act of 1789, Congress established constitutional courts and subsequently legislative courts for specialized purposes. Courts with original jurisdiction are those where a case is first heard whereas appellate courts can review the legal issues in cases brought to

Network Security Questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Network Security Questions - Assignment Example Botnets mainly send harmful mails in form of spam campaign messages to the target points of the attackers. The botnet can therefore spread as viruses, Trojans or worms through emails and websites. The objectives of botnet attack are to enable the attackers spy on the victims and gain access to sensitive information such as financial statements. They steal the victims’ credentials and hijack banking information, ultimately leading to stealing of money. Their transactions run concurrently with those of their victims. The attackers can also use botnet to access the system source codes. Botnet attackers can use their victims’ computers and resources for sending malicious spam. These can then spy other victim’s and execute denial of service command against them. The victims spend a lot of money as well as time to recover from the consequences. Worse still, botnet attacks can land victims into legal challenges. It is not easy for the victim to realize from the onset that the sender of the malware is in fact a fellow victim. In that case, the end victim may take sue the supposed attackers. On the other hand, Proxy firewalls are intermediate barriers that accept every traffic instructions moving into a network. It achieves this through impersonation of the actual receiving point of the traffic in the network. From the results of inspection, it grants or denies access and the proxy firewall relays feedback to the destination. After the destination replies, proxy firewall ends the connection. Only one of the two computers remains connected to the global network. ACLS are not capable of reading past packet headers. This gives only basic details concerning the network. In this regard, ACLs packet filtering is not sufficient in itself to eliminate network threats. Proxy firewall demands that every application require a separate proxy at the level of each application. Proxy firewall network suffer

Spatial Spread Of Multinational Corporation Economics Essay

Spatial Spread Of Multinational Corporation Economics Essay As capital accumulates, the situation of the worker be his payment high or low, must grow worseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.It makes the accululation of misery a necessary condition, corresponding to the accumulation of wealth. Marx Capital Vol I. Increased movement of capital cushioned by innovation in technology and communication characteristic of contemporary globalization has transformed mode of production as well as the organization of production. This footloose character of labor and capital has given rise to what is termed as internationalization of business and international division of labor. It is in thos context that Multinational companies have become one of the major progenitors that have taken advantage of economic restructuring and the opportunities made possible by rise of regionalism, free trade facilitated by institutions such as WTO and the opening up of financial, resources and labor markets. The changing role of national governments from initiators to facilitators of growth has furthered this process. This process has had both winners and as well as losers. The economic liberalism attributes diffusion of knowledge, technology and expertise to this spatial spread. MNCs due to their sheer size are able to capture economies of scale and are also characterized by efficiency in their modus operandi. Making available numerous employment opportunities in the host country is another feature highlighted. On the other hand are the critics who are skeptical of the nature of employment generation and welfare of workers. The footloose character of capital has enabled exploitation of cheap labor placed in developing countries that has given rise to proliferation of unorganized sector without social security net. The institution of free trade policies and structural adjustment programmes by the IMF, World Bank and WTO has resulted in highly unequal integration of economies over the world. The African cycle of debt, the Latin American and East Asian crisis due to the volatility nature of financial flows has affected labor in many of these countries. (Rhys, Jenkins 2004).Primary products which constituted a major portion of the exports of LDCs faced deteriorating terms of trade. For example in 1980s under the prescription of IMF and World Bank opening of economies led to a spurt in export of coffee exports but later depressing markets due to overproduction rendering 25million coffee planters growers (Thomas, 2008). Although developing countries have managed to diversify in manufacturing and services, the nature of work has limited value added in the production chain (assembly line production). Feminization of labor characterized by long working hours and meager wages has been one of the outcomes. The scourge across the globe in search for rich renewable as well nonrenewable resources has often led displacement of people from their homes. This has often resulted in what Michael Cernea has outlines the impoverishment risk as a result of this tendency: landlessness, joblessness, homelessness, food insecurity, increased morbidty and mortality, loss of access to common property resource and services and social disarticulation. (Cernea, Michael 1985) Other issues concern around the loss of sovereignty due to their the massive profit that is pumped into the host economy due to which governments of host countries make all possible provisions to attract Multinational Corporation. Governments are losing their ability to bargain with MNCs where national government autonomy is constrained by globalization. It is argued that impact of MNC depends on the way countries, firms and citizens participate in the global economy. (Mosley 2011). Clarke (1985) points out that MNCs have a stabilizing and destabilizing effect depending on the character of corporation, the region, the nature of venture and establishment itself. The above discussion reveals the different threads to look into the impact of MNC in the wake of contemporary globalization. The following paper is an attempt to examine the impact on local spaces due to the spread of MNCs globally. I have used meaning of space not just in terms of its concrete sense but also the occupational mobility of labor which inclusive of their well being. Multinationals: A Historical Background Multinational companies have been crudely defined as having oranisational presence in two or more national jurisdictions (Buckley and Ghauri, 2000). Glenn Morgan (2004) tries to trace out the history of origin of multinational corporations beginning in the late 17th and early 18th century like the East India Trading Company. Global operations started with as they started investment abroad and setting up of subsidiaries outside the home country. Thus it started out as portfolio investment and later there was development of foreign direct Investment (FDI). Companies related to agriculture, mining and oil were the prominent one. Royal Dutch Shell, British Petroleum, Standard Oil and its successors, British amercan Tobacco, Rio Tinto, Dunlop, Lever Bros and Tate and Lyle. There was also increasing internationalization of manufacturing . eg Scottish thread manufacturer J.P coats, UK companies like Courtaulds, Nobel, Vickers and Pilkingtons. The Japanese, German and French began in late 19 80s.(Morgan:556). The FDI flows took place mainly between developed economies and also towards East Asia and Latin American economies. The flows were related to manufacturing and services. Even developing economies have entered this foray: China, India, Phillipines, Thailand, Mexico, Brazil, Venezuela, South Africa and Egypt. Eg Chinese Lenvo that now owns the IBM pc brand, Indian Tata has taken over corus, Marcopolo (Brazilian company) that sells in more than 80 countries to name a few. (World Investment Report, 2006). China, India and Brazil are the sought after destinations for inflow of FDI (World Investment Report,2011). Nature of Operation MNCs internal operations have been described as sophisticated decision making, complex ownership strategies. Initially firms were vertically as well as horizontally integrated. However with globalization the cost of such integration became apparent and hence came the adoption of subcontracting and franchise sale. There was increase in joint venture and acquisition activities. cost effective measure was adopted in an environment of increased competition. There was establishment of a networked operation with the help of technological convergence. According to a survey conducted leading factors influencing location of industry have been shown in table 1. Table 1 Source : World Investment report 2011 This operation has resulted in global diffusion of knowledge that has enabled outsourcing, mass customization and deduplication. (Pervez and Ghari , 2000). Market servicing strategy involves ownership and location strategies where functions can be differentially localized. There has also been strategy of creating hubs that provides near markets and better source of information. If one market declines production can be switched to other markets provided the shocks affecting the national markets are independent and hub provides gains that only firms can achieve. (ibid:87). There has also been an establishment of global commodity chains buyer driven dominated by retailors and brand names; producer driven chains dominated by monopolies and Oligopolies. (Rodriguez 1986) Jill Rubbery points out the change in employment system from fordist to post fordist systems increased flexilbalisation of labor. The fordist model was characterized by standard employment contracts, hierarchical pay and standard working hours, labor acting as subordinate labor within the organization. This was established through trade union and collective organization backed by proper legislations and regulations. In case of post fordist employment structure there exists flatter hierarchies, flexible and extended working hours with diversity of employment contracts. 1980s and 1990s increased flexibility in labor hiring with the policy of hire and fire and proliferation of the informal sector. The flexible firm model (Atkinson 1984) was to provide firms with the segmentation of labor with experts in core areas given job security while those at the periphery performing unskilled jobs to be employed on flexible basis. This inturn has led to restructuring of labor supply. There has bee n an increased feminization of labor. They are segregated to specific occupations in the entire process of production as a part of flexible part time jobs. Morgan Glenn 2004, has tried to outline the approaches to study the nature of operations of MNC into hegemonic, hybridization and transnationalization. The first looked into how MNCs replicated their home based practices in the host country, the second approach looked into methods by which MNCs adopt and innovate according to host conditions, lastly translation provides an understanding of the internationalization of firms through embeddeddness in the local institutional context and standarisation and control from the headquarters. Ibid: 566. Impact on Space The critiques of spatial spread of MNC often relate it to the spread of capitalism and neoliberlaism. Works of Harvey, Sapna Banerjee Guha, Manuel Castell, dependency views tip in this direction. Harvey (2000) talks about a spatial fix referring to the over accumulation of capital along with creation of uneven spaces. In other words spatial fix refers to the restructuring of spaces in a globalised world that has resulted in uneven development. Physical displacement and Impact on livelihood of the evictees One of the notable examples in this context is the construction of industries by MNCs in the tribal belts of India in the name of development that has induced displacement. This industrial fervor has sidelined the real ends in favor of capital accumulation and double digit growth. Increased privatization is seen as a method of catching up with the developed economies by increasing efficiency un accounting the adverse impacts on local spaces. An estimated 40 million have been displaced since 1950 due to development projects of which 40% are adivasis and 25 % dalits, 75% are still awaiting compensation with deplorable plight of those without patta or land tittle. Around 70% of the total Indian population depends on agriculture for lively hood, burgeoning culture of SEZ (special economic zones) has created space on scarce land at the same time reduced occupational mobility of labor forcing him to sell his labor for meager wages in the absence of self owned means of production. Marginal and small farmers which constitute a majority of the agricultural population become helpless and tend to migrate to cities in search of jobs. Very often they are absorbed into the urban informal sector or rendered jobless reducing their sources of lively hood options. Further absence of labor legislations has forced labor to work in precarious conditions where they are subjected to hire and fire policy. Prior to SEZ act 2005 , there were 1143 units employing over 1.7 lakh persons, private investment was around Rs. 5626.24 crore, the current investment is around Rs. 83450 core employing 113426 persons. (Banerjee, 2008) There is heightened economic insecurity with displacement as the personal disposable income of the write more family is reduced. As mentioned above most rural households are engaged in agricultural activities who depend on land for livelihood. Once displaced they are left with very limited options particularly when they are not hired by the company that has displaced them un the first place. Men usually end up migrating to cities while the woman are left behind. Women in such conditions face high heightened insecurity and lack of work. Most tribals are engaged in forest related livelihood activities such as broom making, minor forest produce, bidi making, broom making and others. But with construction of factories and loss of forest area they are left with no source of income which often results in casualisation of labor. From a survey conducted in RR colony (2009) constructed by Vedanta in Jharasguda district in Orissa prior to displacement main livelihood activity was paddy cultiva tion and kitchen gardening. Displacement and loss of agricultural land has halted all agricultural practices. As a result the displaced have to buy food which becomes an extra strain on the family expenditure. Other primary activities such as domestication of animals is also limited due to neighborhood problems. Similar cases were found in another resettlement colony constructed by Bhusan at Thelkoloi, Sambalpur district of Orissa. Bidi and Broom making was no longer practiced due to absence of forest are and subsitance farming lost with acquisition. This shrinking can also be conceptualized in terms of their reduced opportunities for well being in in the face of limited choices. There is loss in terms of access to common property resources which inturn puts pressure on their budget due to limited availability of fuel wood, fodder, minor forest produce and water. There is often problem related to lack of sanitation and health . Very often resettlement colonies are built near factories spreading all harmful industrial affluents that could be a cause of serious health concern for the residents. Problem related to defecating, bathing become evident especially for women as they have to fix timings for such purpose which was the case before displacement. Communities in rural areas live in a close knit society where social networks act as support systems in offering services such as child care, economic assistance, protection, information, sickness in times of crisis and need (Parsuraman, 1993). With the displacement of the entire village community fragments with breakdown of social networks. In the absence of Resettlement and Rehabilitation act displaced groups become more vulnerable. In addition the RR policies fail to look into gender aspects coalesced with patriarchal environment further shrinks economic and social spaces of displaced women. Major multinational companies expected to engage in mining activities in India include Rio tinto (U.K), BHP (Australia), Alcan (Canada), Norsk Hydro (Norway), Meridian (Canada), Debeers (South Africa), Raytheon (USA), Phepls Dodge U.S.A. The drive for exploitation of resource rich regions by private players has wrecked havoc for the residents there most effected being the tribals. This situation is not just in India but other parts of the world where profits takes precedence over people.   Examples include : Dinka and Nuer in Sudan whose lands are being taken for oil mining, Mistiko lands in Nicargua for gold mining, mining on aboriginal lands in Australia, industrial plantations in tropical forests of Dayak people in Indonesia, coffee plantation on Montagards land in Vietnam, mining in North American Indian lands affecting western shohone, Quenchan Nation, Mohawk and Zuni people. (Christopher Lakra ,1999) Limiting the Opportunities of Well being of Workers. The operation of MNCs are so strategically designed as to maximize profits at the cost of worker wellbeing. This is very well apparent in International Division of Labor that many dependency theorists conceptualized. The shrinking of the opportunities and deteriorating of standard of living is well evident in the working conditions characterizing sweat shops. International Division of Labor The global labor force has increased from 2.74 to 3.21 (1999-2009) billion with 56.3 % located in Asia with the annual rate of increase of 1.6%. ; at the same time global unemployment by 30 million (Economist Sept 15, 2010). Multinationals exploit region specific characteristics of poor countries on an international scale in the name of global production. -Guha,1996. It is important to note the nature of increased flow of capital in developing economies that creates volatile conditions which directly impact labor, impact on regional disparity, its relation with the governments of host countries and nature of employment they create. Multinationals claim that host countries would be benefitted by the entry of technology, management, capital as part and parcel of economic modernization that will further create employment opportunities. Critics on the other hand claim that the State has become subservient to international capital, creating geographies of underdeveloped enclaves and exploitative division of labor. Spatial spread of MNC is determined by its manpower, resources, market and material. Accordingly their activities have been situated globally depending on the place specific opportunities that in turn has resulted in international division of labor. Chandler and Reich (1961) conceptualize the production process into three levels of activities: Level I activities that involves the decision making or the headquarters mostly situated in metropolises of parent countries, Level II activities involves the coordination of regional activities located in the metropolis of host countries and Level III activities include lowest level day to day operations situated mostly in the regions of abundant cheap labor or resource rich areas. This divison in production process has resulted in division of labor operating in different ways in the capital and labor intensive sectors. Capital intensive skilled activities get clustered in highly unequal international space. MNCs higher engineers from Asian ec onomies at half the price that they would have to pay in their home countries. As a result it decreases demand of skilled labor in their home countries while hiring skilled manpower at low rates in host countries. In labor intensive operations has given rise to increased in formalization of labor and swelling of the unorganized sector through the strategy of subcontracting. Ettlinger has termed this as a non fordist stratedgy that involves use of both the organized and unorganized labor thus creating crises in the organized sector of both the home and host country. Eg Profits of MNCs ave increased but the employment has reduced. Between 1986-89, General Electrics employment fell from 373000 t0 292,000 while its revenue increased from 42 to 55 billion dollars. AT and T reduced employment while raising its rvenue by 3 billion dollars. IBM and Fiat trudged the same path of increasing revenue but trimming jobs. Since 1980s Procter and Gamble India has diversified its activities and enga ged in subcontracting hurting the organized labor in the factories. Most products of PG were now being produced by unorganized labor in Hyderabad and Mumbai as a result of which the Kalwa Plant in Mumbai closed down in 1994 making some 300 odd workers unemployed. (ibid: 23). Harvey points out that there has been a significant increase in workers employed in the export and import oriented industriesthat has created global market for labor where countries compete for cheap labor and global competition that has further pushed down wages. With this has come an increase human rights violations with poor woring conditions in areas of subcontracting. Labour Conditions within this Multinational operation. More than 70 workers were found wrking in virtual slave like condtions, behind barbed wire fences, producing million dollars worth garments for retailers ike Neiman Marcus, Filenes and Montomery Ward. (New York Times, 1995) Violation of labor rights takes place in the form of longer working hours, poor working conditions that has negative impact on the health and safety of workers. Reports of human rights abuse from Nike supplier factories, underpayment of wages by subcontractors in Indonesia, use of child labor in production of soccer balls in Pakistan, exposure of workers to dangerous chemicals in China and Vietnam. (Mosley2011). Such sweat shop like conditions are present across the globe and women workers are worse treated. This has also resulted in increased illegal trafficking of women; in a bid to escape poverty in home countries but in turn become slaves in such sweat shops. Eg trafficking of Thai women to Japan as cheap labors and are forced to work without pay till they have repaid their debts. (Human Rights watch, 2000 ). In central and South America similar sweat shops are present. In 2000 Bolivian girls were rescued out of textile factories in Buenos where they were being subjected to slave like conditions, underfed, working 19 hours and abused often. Guatemala coffee growers working on starbucks coffee plantations are underpaid. (ibid) Wal Mart has been accused for underpayment and poor working conditions in Chinese factories. Workers are paid a paltry $.13 an hour) (China Daily,2009). Thus, neither the U.S. government nor consumers are able to discern how bad the conditions really are. The Gap produces clothing in six factories in. cases where workers are paid as low as $.11 per hour and in Honduros Gap workers have to undergo pregnancy tests and work overtime making $4.00 a day. (Global Exchange 2000). William .P.Blade (1987) points out the problem for developing countries may not arise because MNCs are institutions of capital accumulation but when capital is diverted away from host countries. There has been increase in flow of capital towards developing countries since 1970s propelled by technological advancement and neoliberal policies. According to Tinbergen report MNCs extract 50-100 billion dollars from developing coutries annually. (Guha, 1990). A notable example in this case would be the impact of financial crisis on the Asias labor market. (Hyun et al, 2010). Exports have played a major role in the Asian success. Source: World Trade Organization Data Base, 2008 In 2008 as consumer demand in developed economies plunged Asias exports fell sharply. China 25%, Thailand 25%, Indonesia, Malaysia and Phillipines to 26-32%. As a result many firms resorted to cutting back productions through closures effecting labor and remittances flow that are major sources of income for poor households in developing countries 11% Tonga, 11 % in Phillipines and 5-10% in Bangaldesh, Srilanka, Vietnam and Mongolia. Decline in Exports of Asian Economies Source: ibid FDI that accounts for major share of the gross fixed capital formation of Asian economies also declined in 2008. FDI is expected to contract by 30%. As a result of the economic melt down employment in key export oriented sectors as part of the regional, national and global chain have shown a decline. In China 20 million have been retrenched and force to move to rural areas. There has been an increase in reverse migration and workers. In Malaysia there has been a for fold increase in the number of layoffs. In Indonesia bulk of layoffs was reported in the textile industry exceeding 2,37,000. In case of Cambodia employment in garment sector contracted by 15% , similar was the case in Thailand. Impact on Employment (Asian Economy) Source:ibid The largest change in the percentage of Unemployed has been Singapore followed by Japan and Korea. Casual workers have been the worst effected as it is easier to lay them off in absence of proper legislations as well as absence of social security nets. This has also led to shrinking of labor market for the youths as the large number of unemployed chase for scarce jobs. Many firms are also resorting to unpaid leave however such have a negative impact on those who donot enjoy employment benefits. More and more workers are thus getting absorbed into unorganized sectors. In Indonesia the numbers in the unorganized sector swelled by 7.3% as compared to the organized sector 1.4%. in Thailand the increase was 3.2% in own account workers and 3.3% for contributing family workers while the organized employment grew only by 0.6%. The result of falling incomes has resulted in rise in poverty. More than 52 million workers live just 10% above the poverty line ($1.25 per day) while more than 40 million live above 20% above that line. (ILO, 2008). In times crises poor households often cut back on expenditures on health and education, there has also been an increase in child labor as families resort to such alternatives. The number of workers in the unorganized sector in Asian region could range between 1.1 1.2 billion (2009 figures). Decline in Exports of Asian and African LDCs ILO Report, 2011 The above table reveals that merchandise exports for African and Asian LDCs slumped post 2008. Despite recovery the unemployment trends have persisted both the African and Asian countries. (table below) In both regions female labor has been more affected for Africa 7.5% and Asia 4.2% as compared to 6.3% and 3.9%. Employment in Asian and African LDCs Source : ibid Role of the state In this entire discussion of operation of global processes one cannot escape mentioning the role of State and its response. The spatial spread of MNCs also depends on the policy of the host countries and the investment friendly environment. It is impossible for an economy to remain isolated from the rest in this era of globalized world even though the terms of engagement may not be equal. Political economy of the world has created such conditions where governments of host countries are losing out in the bargaining process with the MNCs. During the era of import substitution and protectionist policies state exercised upper hand over the bargaining process to channelize the benefits of private investment to serve development objectives. Contemporary globalization and the push for neoliberal agenda has transformed the state from a initiator to facilitator of development. Haslam 2009, outlines three approaches to study the relationship between state and MNCs : the irrelevance of bargaining, displacement of bargaining and maximization of bargaining. The irrelevance of bargaining implies that the state and MNCs no longer share a conflictual relationship but rather a cooperative one. This can be seen in the adoption of more neoliberal policies and realizing the role of private players in promoting growth. The second approach talks about the displacement of bargaining from state firm towards between states during bilateral and multilateral trade where states protect the interest of the firms. Maximization approach points towards increasing bargaining power of MNCs or constraints on ability of the state to act. In Argentina till 1990 private players were virtually absent and mining was state activity, however Argentina abandoned the state led model with passing of huge legislative reforms in 1993. Government of Catamarca province tried to increase royalties from Bajo Dela Alumbrera project (private mining company) but met with resistance. The federal government fearing loss of investment sided with the mining company. In Chile change in power in 1973 led to privatization but it is only in 1 990s that Chile experienced a mining boom. There was a proposal to increase taxes but was here again it was met with stiff resistance and government had to abandon the proposal. (Haslam, 2007) Lenway and Murthy (1994) on the other hand see the state as a strategist making choices between : authority v/s market, communitarinism v/s individualism, political v/s economic objectives and equity v/s efficiency. (Pervez and Buckley 2000) This reveals that ability of state to bargain is highly constrained. Very often governments of host countries themselves facilitate this process. for eg In Korea labor reform introduced in 1996 that in away allowed casualization of labor along with hire and fire policy. The reaction of this legalization was massive unemployment since 1966 (Tat Yan Kong, 2006). Labor market in Taiwan resulted increased competition among workers as 42 state owned enterprise were privatized. This effort of labor market liberalization falling of employment from 3.1 to 2.3%. In Vietnam introduction of Doi Moi syatem caused labor restructuring due to privatization leaving 1 million workers in the state sector unemployed between 1988 -1992. The educational gap further s egmented the labor where the educated entered the state sctors and the less educated ended up in casual employment. Women were the hardest hit as work participation among women to be very high (It was 74% in 1989 that came down to 60% in 1996). They were forces to enter insecure jobs with loss of employment benefits such as maternity leave and child care provisions. ( Oudin, Xavier, 2004 ). Conclusion Given the shrinking spaces in terms of well being of workers and spatial spread of MNC under conditions of increased global competition that is out to utilize cheap labor; weaker state capacity and poor implementation of labor legislations are major reasons for deplorable condition of workers. This is evident from the fact that very few MNCs consider labor regulations as an obstacle towards investment in developing countries. The prescription usually advised is a step towards improving these conditions : firstly to recognize informal sector and the various forms of jobs that come under it. Secondly there is a need to improve social security benefits of workers more than increasing productivity in such activities that would improve their standard of living. There is also an argument that legislation in developing countries are stricter but without proper employee protection. Minimum wages is one of the tools used but it must also be noted that minimum wage legislation compliance, the penalties for non adherence, whether covering the informal sector etc. employment effect of minimum wage legislation can actually exacerbate unorganized sector employment while having a negative impact on the organized work force as employers look more towards cost cutting. Thus there needs to be more robust alternatives in the form of social security nets cushioned with minimum wages and more importantly unorganized sector must be included. This will thus mitigate shock to labor sector in terms of crises. With regard with the issue of displacement due to construction of setting up of extractive industry there needs be proper facilities provided post displacement to the evictees. Apart from compensation proper training facilities, employment facilities in the factory as well as proper resettlement colony with provision of al basic necessity must be provided. Here the role of the state must come in to ensure that such benefits and compensation are provided. The above discussion reveals the multitude problems emerging due to increased privatization where the state also becomes a business partner rather than placing welfare as a priority. However solutions to such issues are not easy and requires further study the area of MNC State relationship in a globalized world. Globalization is a process that one cannot choose to escape; unequal processes such as this spatial spread are a part of it. Perhaps a better approach towards examining the process would be to understand the global structure of inequalities in which LDCs are embedded into, whether structural adjustment is actually required? Whether receipt of loans from world Bank is worth succumbing to debt cycle ? if there is a need for setting up of large scale industries ta such massive rate? These questions do not have easy answers but still need to be probed as technical fixes are necessary but not sufficient.